Rádio E Televisão De Portugal
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Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP) is the
public service A public service is any service intended to address specific needs pertaining to the aggregate members of a community. Public services are available to people within a government jurisdiction as provided directly through public sector agencies ...
broadcasting organisation of
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
. It operates four national television channels and three national radio stations, as well as several satellite and cable offerings. The current company dates from 2007, with the merger of two previously separate companies Radiodifusão Portuguesa (RDP; the radio broadcaster) and Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (television broadcaster), although they had been grouped under a single holding company and common branding since 2004. RTP is funded by the ''taxa de contribuição audiovisual'' (broadcasting contribution tax), which is incorporated in electricity bills, and television
advertising Advertising is the practice and techniques employed to bring attention to a product or service. Advertising aims to put a product or service in the spotlight in hopes of drawing it attention from consumers. It is typically used to promote a ...
revenues.


History


Radio

The Emissora Nacional de Radiodifusão - usually referred to by its abbreviated designation Emissora Nacional (EN) - was established on 4 August 1935 as the public national radio broadcaster, inheriting the previous broadcasting operations of the Portuguese postal service (CTT) . Five years later, EN became independent of the CTT. Emissora Nacional was one of the 23 founding broadcasting organisations of the
European Broadcasting Union The European Broadcasting Union (EBU; french: Union européenne de radio-télévision, links=no, UER) is an alliance of Public broadcasting, public service media organisations whose countries are within the European Broadcasting Area or who ar ...
in 1950. Following the
Carnation Revolution The Carnation Revolution ( pt, Revolução dos Cravos), also known as the 25 April ( pt, 25 de Abril, links=no), was a military coup by left-leaning military officers that overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo regime on 25 April 1974 in Lisbo ...
, EN was reorganised and in 1976 changed its name to Radiodifusão Portuguesa (RDP). During this process, several previously private radio stations – such as Rádio Clube Português (RCP) – were
nationalised Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization usually refers to pri ...
and integrated into RDP. In 1979, the RCP network was rebranded as
Rádio Comercial Rádio Comercial is a commercial radio station in Portugal aimed at young people and adults. It has a broad format including contemporary, pop and rock music. It is among the most listened to radio stations in the country. History Rádio Comercia ...
, and was later privatised in 1993. At the same time, RDP launched the youth-oriented radio station Antena 3 and abolished advertising from all of its stations, so that the aforementioned broadcasting contribution tax became its sole source of funding.


Television

In 1953, a group on behalf of Emissora Nacional de Radiodifusão (later RDP) was set up examining the feasibility of a television service in Portugal. The group started a preliminary work for a network of television signals, with a budget on the order of 500,000 escudos. A foreign company had a proposal for the setup of the television network, including the possibility by a foreign company, with high foreign capital, tasking up a proposal for the building of the network and having the exclusive rights of the selling of television sets in the country for a determined period of time In July 1954, their report A Televisão em Portugal (Television in Portugal) was published and was built upon the following pillars: *1. The current status of TV and the opportunity for its introduction in Portugal *2. The operating system to be adopted *3. The solution that seems possible *4. Outline of an initial plan and related charges *5. Economic study *6. List of work already carried out by ENR. Without suspending the activity of the Television Studies Group (while entering a new phase of activity, evolving naturally on the data set gathered), it was nevertheless necessary to wait 6 months for a decisive impulse given to the preliminary work for the installation of the national TV network: a Commission, appointed by Order, was responsible for coordinating and commenting on the studies carried out or to be carried out and defining the scenario in which future broadcasts should take place. This Commission was made up of: *Brigadier Luís de Pina (former military attaché to the embassies in Washington and London), who presided over it; *António Eça de Queirós; *Engineer Manuel Bivar *Dr. Stichini Vilela, for Emissora Nacional; *Major Jorge Botelho Moniz, for the private radio stations; *Engineer Carlos Ribeiro *Dr. Fernando Elói, for the General Administration of Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones. Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP) was established on 15 December 1955 as the national television service, under Article 1 of Decree nº 40 341, as a government limited liability company, under the name of RTP - Radiotelevisão Portuguesa, SARL, with the minimum capital provided for by law, in the amount of 60 million escudos, divided into thirds that fell to the State, the private broadcasters and to the public - this part to be subscribed in shares of 1 000 escudos, for which several banking institutions immediately became responsible. The following radio stations had shares in RTP (values in thousands of escudos): *Rádio Clube Português: 9 260 *Rádio Renascença: 4 630 *Emissores do Norte Reunidos: 2 310 *Rádio Clube de Moçambique: 2 310 *Emissores Associados de Lisboa: 1 400 *Rádio Ribatejo: 30 *Rádio Pólo Norte: 30 *Posto Emissor de Radiodifusão do Funchal: 20 *Rádio Clube de Angra: 20 Experimental broadcasts began on 4 September 1956 from the ''Feira Popular'' (an entertainment park) experimental studios in
Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
. Twenty monitors were installed in the park, but crowds gathered in shops around the city. The broadcast was received within a range of about 20 km. Around 1,000 TV sets are sold within a month. The first broadcast was made in association with the ''O Século'' newspaper. Intense work was done in the two weeks leading up to the first experimental broadcast. On December 5, 1956, a contract was signed for the installation of the five transmitters to be built in the first phase of the national television network (dates implied are date of first operation): *Monsanto (December 3, 1956) *Monte da Virgem (December 31, 1957) *Lousã (November 23, 1957) *Monchique (April 25, 1958) *Montejunto (March 10, 1958) RTP's first yearly report (in 1956) stated that there were difficulties in receiving the terrain to install the television transmitters, a goal RTP wanted to achieve by March 1957. Regular broadcasting, however, did not start until 7 March 1957, by which time coverage had reached approximately 65% of the Portuguese population. By the end of 1958 the total number of sets in Portugal was around 32,000. RTP was accepted as a full active member of the EBU in 1959. By the mid-1960s, RTP had become available throughout the country.
Robert Farnon Robert Joseph Farnon CM (24 July 191723 April 2005) was a Canadian-born composer, conductor, musical arranger and trumpet player. As well as being a composer of original works (often in the light music genre), he was commissioned by film and ...
's "Derby Day" was extensively used as RTP's fanfare to open the programming since the very first day, and over the decades it has become RTP's official anthem. 25 December 1968 saw the opening of a second television channel,
RTP2 RTP2 (''RTP dois'') is a Portuguese free-to-air television channel owned and operated by state-owned public broadcaster Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP). It is the company's second television channel, and is known for broadcasting cultural, ...
. Two new regional channels were created in 1972 and 1975, for the Portuguese archipelagos of
Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...
(opening on 6 August 1972) and the
Azores ) , motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace") , anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores") , image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg , map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union , map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...
(10 August 1975). Before the Carnation Revolution, RTP was essentially a mouthpiece of the
regime In politics, a regime (also "régime") is the form of government or the set of rules, cultural or social norms, etc. that regulate the operation of a government or institution and its interactions with society. According to Yale professor Juan Jo ...
, and famously opened the newscast of 20 July 1969 – the day of the first
moon landing A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. This includes both crewed and robotic missions. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2, on 13 September 1959. The United S ...
– with a segment showing president
Américo Thomaz Domingo Jhonny Vega Urzúa (born December 24, 1977, in Arica, Chile), commonly known as Américo, is a Chilean singer. He became known as the lead artist of Américo y la Nueva Alegría. He is the son of a locally known boleros singer, Melvin ...
opening a concrete factory. However, like many other broadcasters, it did broadcast live the landing of the man on the moon during the night. The first colour broadcast was made in 1975, with the live coverage of the first parliamentary elections after Carnation Revolution. However, due to the political turmoil and the economic situation of the country, the colour regular broadcast was delayed several times for nearly 5 years. During that time, RTP started to purchase some colour equipment and make the occasional colour recording. But the pressure kept going as the black and white equipment was getting old and very hard to repair, so in 1978 and 1979, a massive investment into colour broadcasts, supported by a foreign loan, gave RTP the opportunity to replace all the B/W to increase the current amount of equipment and to be updated with the most advanced broadcast technologies available at the time. Despite this, only in February 1980, the government finally authorised the regular colour broadcast and two weeks after, on 7 March, RTP started the regular colour broadcast, with more than 70% of the programmes being already in colour. Also, RTP moved its headquarters to a brand new building. The building was originally built to be converted to a hotel, but the owner decided to leave it untouched and reached an agreement with RTP for the purchase and converted the interior for office use. RTP moved to more adequate headquarters and sold the building in 2003 and the new owner converted into what is today the VIP Grand Lisboa. Until 1991, RTP owned its transmitter network, which was transferred to a state-owned enterprise which, through a series of mergers, became part of
Portugal Telecom Altice Portugal (formerly known as Portugal Telecom or PT) is the largest telecommunications service provider in Portugal. Since June 2, 2015, the company has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Altice Europe, a multinational cable and telecommuni ...
. RTP held the television monopoly until 1992, the year when the private
SIC The Latin adverb ''sic'' (; "thus", "just as"; in full: , "thus was it written") inserted after a quoted word or passage indicates that the quoted matter has been transcribed or translated exactly as found in the source text, complete with any e ...
(backed by
Impresa Impresa (full name: IMPRESA Sociedade Gestora de Participações Sociais SA) () is a Portuguese media conglomerate, headquartered in Paço de Arcos, in Oeiras municipality. It is the owner of SIC TV channel, and '' Expresso'' newspaper, among ...
, TSF,
Rádio Comercial Rádio Comercial is a commercial radio station in Portugal aimed at young people and adults. It has a broad format including contemporary, pop and rock music. It is among the most listened to radio stations in the country. History Rádio Comercia ...
,
Lusomundo NOS Audiovisuais (formerly ZON Lusomundo) is a Portuguese integrated media corporation founded in 1953, which has major interests in movie distribution, cinema theaters and media assets. It was founded with the purpose of movie distribution, and ...
,
Expresso Expresso may refer to: * Espresso, a coffee beverage * eXpresso, a hosted workspace for Microsoft Office communities * Expresso (Donkey Kong), a character in the ''Donkey Kong Country'' series * ''Expresso'' (newspaper), based in Lisbon, Portug ...
, Impala Editores, and the largest commercial TV network in Latin America
Rede Globo TV Globo (, "Globe TV", or simply Globo), formerly known as Rede Globo, is a Brazilian free-to-air Television broadcasting, television network, launched by media proprietor Roberto Marinho on 26 April 1965. It is owned by media conglomerate Gr ...
) started broadcasting. Over the years, RTP's audience share has constantly reduced in favour of the private channels. 2007 was an exception to this tendency, and RTP1 became the second most watched channel in Portugal, only behind TVI, a rarity which occurred again in 2009 and 2010. In 2004, RTP and RDP were organized under a new company and became part of a larger state-owned holding, named Rádio e Televisão de Portugal, SGPS, and inaugurated the new headquarters near
Parque das Nações The Parque das Nações (; en, Park of the Nations), colloquially known as Expo (as the site of the 1998 Lisbon World Exposition), is a ''freguesia'' (civil parish) of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Located in eastern Lisbon, Parque das Naçõ ...
, in
Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
. In the same year, the second channel was rebranded as '2:', promoting itself as the
civil society Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere.financial crisis A financial crisis is any of a broad variety of situations in which some financial assets suddenly lose a large part of their nominal value. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many financial crises were associated with banking panics, and man ...
Portugal faced, RTP was to be heavily restructured as part of the Portuguese government's austerity plan between 2011-15 and would have included the sale of one of the free to air channel licenses. However, due to pressure from the public and other organisations, the planned channel privatization never came into effect, although some restructuring took place, namely the phasing out of the international shortwave radio channels. RTP has 16 regional offices spread all over the country, as well as international bureaus in
Washington D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, Na ...
,
Brussels Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...
,
Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
,
Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
and several other locations. RTP aired the 2008 Olympic Games in HD through the ZON TV Cabo satellite and cable platform. On 30 September 2009, RTP 1 HD returned in an experimental broadcast. Following
Salvador Sobral Salvador Thiam Vilar Braamcamp Sobral (; born 28 December 1989) is a Portuguese singer, who won the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 for with the song " Amar pelos dois," written and composed by his sister, Luísa Sobral. In doing so, he gave its ...
's win in the
Eurovision Song Contest 2017 The Eurovision Song Contest 2017 was the 62nd edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Kyiv, Ukraine, following the country's victory at the with the song "1944 (song), 1944" by Jamala. Organised by the European Broadcasting Uni ...
, RTP took on hosting duties for the 2018 contest.


Post-merger

The use of original full names of the radio and television departments (Radiodifusão Portuguesa and Radiotelevisão Portuguesa, respectively) was phased out. The acronym RTP (previously used by the television department) was kept to designate both the whole organization resulting from the merger, as well as to continue to designate its several TV channels. The acronym RDP (previously used by the radio department) was kept to be used by the international radio services ( RDP Internacional and RDP África) and by the regional radio centers (RDP Norte, RDP Centro, RDP Lisboa, RDP Sul, RDP Açores and RDP Madeira).


Logo history

File:RTP 1957.png, RTP's first, original and old logo used from 7 March 1957 to 1959. File:RTP 1959.png, First phase of RTP's second and former logo used from 1959 to 24 December 1968. File:RTP 1968.png, Second phase of RTP's second and former logo used from 25 December 1968 to 1982. File:RTP logo 1982.svg, Third and final phase of RTP's second and former logo used from 1982 to 29 April 1996. File:RTP logo 1996.svg, RTP's third and previous logo used from 29 April 1996 to 30 March 2004. File:RTP.png, First phase of RTP's fourth and current logo used from 31 March 2004 to 1 November 2015. File:RTP.svg, Second and current phase of RTP's fourth and current logo since 2 November 2015. File:Rádio e Televisão de Portugal.svg, Second and current phase of RTP's fourth and current logo with its full name.


Television channels


Former channels

* RTP Mobile, is a channel adapted to mobile devices. It ended in 2011/2012, with the ascension of mobile apps. * RTP 4K, which was used to broadcast
UEFA Euro 2016 The 2016 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2016 (stylised as UEFA EURO 2016) or simply Euro 2016, was the 15th UEFA European Championship, the quadrennial international men's football championship of Europe o ...
and
2018 FIFA World Cup The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national Association football, football teams organized by FIFA. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018, after the country was awa ...
matches in 4K Ultra HD.


Radio stations


National

*
Antena 1 Antena 1 may refer to: * Antena 1 (Portugal), a Portuguese radio station *Antena 1 (Romania) Antena 1 () is a Romanian free-to-air television network owned by the Antena TV Group, part of the Intact Media Group. Its programming consists of tel ...
, news, talk and sports station with a strong focus on Portuguese music; * Antena 2, cultural programming, classical and world music, featuring live performances; * Antena 3, an up-tempo, youth-oriented station with focus on contemporary and alternative music;


International

* RDP Internacional, the international radio service; * RDP África, programming directed towards the Portuguese-speaking African communities;


Digital

* Rádio Lusitania, a digital-only station with a focus on
Portuguese music Portuguese music includes many different styles and genres, as a result of its history. These can be broadly divided into classical music, traditional/folk music and popular music and all of them have produced internationally successful acts, wit ...
; * Rádio Vivace, a digital-only station with a focus on
Classical music Classical music generally refers to the art music of the Western world, considered to be distinct from Western folk music or popular music traditions. It is sometimes distinguished as Western classical music, as the term "classical music" also ...
; * Rádio ZigZag, a digital-only station with a focus on Children's programmes; * Antena 1 Fado, a digital-only station with a focus on fado; * Antena 1 Memória, a digital-only station with a focus on rebroadcasts of programmes from the extensive archives of RDP and golden oldies music (in both cases from the 1930s to the 1980s). It is the only station to rely entirely on pre-existing recorded programmes and material; * Antena 1 Vida, a digital-only station; * Antena 2 Ópera, a digital-only station with a focus on opera music; * Antena 2 Jazzin, a digital-only station with a focus on jazz music;


Regional

The following stations are
Antena 1 Antena 1 may refer to: * Antena 1 (Portugal), a Portuguese radio station *Antena 1 (Romania) Antena 1 () is a Romanian free-to-air television network owned by the Antena TV Group, part of the Intact Media Group. Its programming consists of tel ...
regional stations: * RDP Norte * RDP
Centro Centro may refer to: Places Brazil *Centro, Santa Maria, a neighborhood in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil * Centro, Porto Alegre, a neighborhood of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil *Centro (Duque de Caxias), a neighborhood of Duq ...
* RDP
Lisboa Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administrative limits w ...
* RDP Sul * RDP
Açores ) , motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace") , anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores") , image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg , map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union , map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...
* RDP
Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...


News services

Most RTP1 news programmes are simulcasted with RTP Internacional, RTP África, and, sometimes, RTP 3 television channel. These news programs include: *'' Bom Dia Portugal'' (6:30−10 am), live from the
Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
studios; *''Jornal da Tarde'' (1 pm), live from the
Porto Porto or Oporto () is the second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metropol ...
studios; *''Portugal em Direto'' (5:30 pm), live from the
Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
studios; *'' Telejornal'' (8 pm), live from the
Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...
studios. RTP2’s only news service is Jornal 2 (‘Journal 2’ or ‘News 2’ in English) (9:30 pm), a shorter and a more objective newscast than the RTP1 ones.
RTP3 RTP3 (''RTP três'') is a Portuguese free-to-air television channel owned and operated by state-owned public broadcaster Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP). It is the company's all-news television channel, and is known for its 24-hour rollin ...
features hourly news updates and headlines.


Organisation


Chairmen of the Board

*
Almerindo Marques Almerindo da Silva Marques (20 December 1939 – 1 December 2021) was a Portuguese businessman and politician. Biography Marques earned a licenciate degree in Economy and Finance from the in 1969. In the 1970s, he became Secretary-General of th ...
, 2002−2008 *Guilherme Costa, 2008−2012 *Alberto da Ponte, 2012−2015 *Gonçalo Reis, 2015–2020 *Nicolau Santos, 2021–present


News Director

* José Rodrigues dos Santos, 2001−2004 *José Alberto Carvalho, 2004−2011 *Nuno Santos, 2011−2012 *Paulo Ferreira, 2012–2014 *José Manuel Portugal, 2014–2015 *Paulo Dentinho, 2015–2018 *Maria Flor Pedroso, 2018–2020 * António José Teixeira, 2020–present


Programming Directors of RTP1

*Nuno Santos, 2002−2007 *José Fragoso, 2008−2011, 2018− *Hugo Andrade, 2011–2015 *Daniel Deusdado, 2015–2018 *José Fragoso, 2018–present


Programming Directors of RTP2

*Manuel Falcão, 2003−2006 *Jorge Wemans, 2006−2012 *Hugo Andrade, 2012–2014 *Elíseo Oliveira, 2014–2015 *Teresa Paixão, 2015–present


See also

* List of Portuguese language television channels *
Festival da Canção Festival da Canção (; "Song Festival") or Festival RTP da Canção is the name given to the national festival, produced and broadcast by Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP) to choose the for the Eurovision Song Contest. It was first held in ...
*
Television in Portugal Television in Portugal was introduced in 1956 (test broadcasts) by Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (now named Rádio e Televisão de Portugal), which held the nationwide television monopoly until late 1992. Regular broadcasting was introduced on March ...
* Digital television in Portugal *
Sociedade Independente de Comunicação SIC (acronym of full name Sociedade Independente de Comunicação) ("Independent Communication Society") is a Portuguese television network and media company, which runs several television channels. Their flagship channel is the eponymous SIC, the ...
*
Televisão Independente TVI - initialism for Televisão Independente ("Independent Television") - is Portugal's fourth terrestrial television channel, launched in 1993. It was the most watched channel in Portugal from 2005 to 2019. It competes directly with SIC and R ...
* Luis Miguel Loureiro, RTP journalist


Notes


References


External links


Official Site

Live Radio
{{DEFAULTSORT:Radio E Televisao De Portugal Portuguese radio networks Television networks in Portugal Portuguese-language television networks Mass media in Portugal Government-owned companies of Portugal Publicly funded broadcasters Entertainment companies established in 1935 1935 establishments in Portugal Television channels and stations established in 1957